The fixation with balanced budgets over everything else will be overcome
Agencies are convenient scapegoats but recent data shows no negative bias towards countries in the region
Credit enhancements for debt issued by Kyiv would allow funds to be raised more quickly and on a larger scale
The ECB can break the impasse by putting pressure on Rome to approve the European Stability Mechanism treaty
Investors have gradually realised that the debt’s triple A ratings do not reflect underlying credit characteristics
ECB should not let worries over country’s debt stand in way of greater monetary policy action against inflation
As challenges of climate change and ageing mount, investors need benchmarks for risks in decades to come
Coronavirus pandemic has brought the continent’s day of reckoning forward
Most vulnerable member states are starting from a significantly weaker position
Negative rates are not working. It’s time policymakers tried a more radical approach
Reneging on £39bn payment may lead to downgrades of multilateral development banks
S&P and Co are maintaining stable outlooks despite shutdowns and widening deficit
Departure from EU in referendum could result in downgrade by as much as two notches
